• A carload lot of ball bearings has a mean diameter of 2.503cm. This is within the specs for acceptance of the lot by the purchaser. The inspector happens to inspect 100 bearings from the lot and observes a mean diameter of 2.515 cm.
• A telemarketing firm in Los Angeles uses a device that dials residential telephone numbers in that city at random. Of the first 100 numbers dialed, 43 are unlisted. This is not surprising, because 52% of all Los Angeles residential phones are unlisted.