If you find any broken links, or if there are other data sources that would be a helpful addition, please email me.

General Data Sources

Academic Research Data

Academic Torrents

Census Data

U.S. Census Bureau: 2010 Census Data

Economic Data

International Monetary Fund
National Bureau of Economic Research
FreeLunch.com
Quandl

Education Data

U.S. Department of Education: National Center for Education Statistics
Education Policy and Data Center

Election Data

American National Election Studies
Election Data Services

Energy Data

U.S. Energy Information Administration: Data Tools & Models
National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Environmental Data

National Climatic Data Center: National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
Quantitative Environmental Learning Project

Health Data

National Institutes of Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
World Health Organization

Polling Data

Gallup Polls
Pew Research

Social Media Data

Viralheat: Social media data

Sports Data

ESPN (requires data scraping)
NFL "Big Data Bowl"

Data Sets from Textbooks

Art of Stat
OpenIntro

Links to More Data Links

Teach Data Science blog post (This is one of my go-to webpages to find data!)
Social Data Sources
Data Information and Services Center
Data Surfing on the World Wide Web
Online Data Sources